The Rise and Fall of the EAST
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The long history of China’s relationship between stability,
diversity, and prosperity, and how its current leadership threatens
this delicate balance &,nbsp,“Riveting.”—Tunku Varadarajan,
Wall Street Journal &,nbsp,A Foreign Affairs Best Book of 2023
&,nbsp, Chinese society has been shaped by the interplay of the
EAST—exams, autocracy, stability, and technology—from ancient times
through the present. Beginning with the Sui dynasty’s introduction
of the civil service exam, known as Keju, in 587 CE—and continuing
through the personnel management system used by the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP)—Chinese autocracies have developed
exceptional tools for homogenizing ideas, norms, and practices. But
this uniformity came with a huge downside: stifled
creativity.&,nbsp, Yasheng Huang shows how China transitioned
from dynamism to extreme stagnation after the Keju was instituted.
China’s most prosperous periods, such as during the Tang dynasty
(618–907) and under the reformist CCP, occurred when its emphasis
on scale (the size of bureaucracy) was balanced with scope
(diversity of ideas). &,nbsp, Considering China’s remarkable
success over the past half-century, Huang sees signs of danger in
the political and economic reversals under Xi Jinping.The CCP has
again vaulted conformity above new ideas, reverting to the Keju
model that eventually led to technological decline. It is a lesson
from China’s own history, Huang argues, that Chinese leaders would
be wise to take seriously.